1. A method for encoding acknowledgement information, comprising:receiving a component carrier, wherein the component carrier comprises at least one downlink subframe; generating acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the component carrier according to the received component carrier;dividing the acknowledgement information bits into two groups so that each group comprises at least one acknowledgement information bit, wherein the at least one acknowledgement information bit corresponds to physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission and/or downlink control information DCI, wherein the DCI is used for indicating downlink semi-persistent scheduling SPS release; and encoding the two divided groups of acknowledgement information bits to obtain two groups of codeword bits, respectively, and generating, from the two groups of codeword bits obtained by the encoding, total codeword bits to be transmitted.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the generating acknowledgement information bits of a downlink component carrier, the method further comprises:determining a number D of downlink subframes for which the acknowledgement information bits need to be generated.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the determining the number D of downlink subframes for which the acknowledgement information bits need to be generated comprises:determining the number D of downlink subframes according to a number of downlink subframes associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ time sequence.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the determining the number D of downlink subframes for which the acknowledgement information bits need to be generated comprises:determining the number D of downlink subframes according to a value of a downlink assignment index DAI field in downlink control information DCI for controlling physical uplink shared channel PUSCH transmission.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating acknowledgement information bits of the component carrier according to the received component carrier comprises:determining, according to a maximum number of codewords that the component carrier is configured to support in transmission and whether a bundling mode is used between codewords, a bit number a of acknowledgement information bits corresponding to each downlink subframe.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the dividing the acknowledgement information bits into two groups so that each group comprises at least one acknowledgement information bit, wherein the at least one acknowledgement information bit corresponds to PDSCH transmission and/or downlink control information DCI, wherein the DCI is used for indicating downlink semi-persistent scheduling SPS release, comprises:ordering the acknowledgement information bits according to a maximum value DAI_max of a DAI field in received DCI used for controlling PDSCH transmission and/or indicating downlink SPS release and a number N_sps of physical downlink shared channels PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling SPS in the downlink subframes; and alternately assigning the ordered acknowledgement information bits to the two groups.', "7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the ordering the acknowledgement information bits according to DAI_max and N_sps comprises:placing acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs into first N_spsÃx97a bit positions;placing acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max into bit positions N_spsÃx97a+1 to N_spsÃx97a+DAI_maxÃx97a; and setting the remaining (DÃx97a-(DAI_max+N_sps)Ãx97a) acknowledgement information bits to '0';or placing acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs into last N_spsÃx97a bit positions; placing acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max into first DAl_maxÃx97a bit positions; and setting the remaining (DÃx97a-(DAI_max+N_sps)Ãx97a) acknowledgement information bits to '0'.", '8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the alternately assigning the ordered acknowledgement information bits to the two groups comprises:evenly dividing the ordered acknowledgement information bits into the D subgroups; and in a first assignment mode, assigning a subgroup having an odd subgroup number to a first group of the two groups, and assigning a subgroup having an even subgroup number to a second group of the two groups;or in a second assignment mode, assigning a subgroup having an even subgroup number to a first group of the two groups, and assigning a subgroup having an odd subgroup number to a second group of the two groups.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein:when the component carrier comprises multiple carriers, the first assignment mode and the second assignment mode are alternately used for the ordered acknowledgement information corresponding to each component carrier according to a set sequence of arranging the component carrier

10. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the determining the number D of downlink subframes for which the acknowledgement information bits need to be generated further comprises: if a determined actual number of downlink subframes is an odd number, adding 1 to the actual number of downlink subframes to obtain a sum used as the number D of downlink subframes

11. The method according to claim 6, wherein:when the component carrier comprises multiple carriers, and the D is an odd number, and in the component carrier, a number of component carriers b in which each downlink subframe corresponds to 2 acknowledgement information bits is an odd number, the alternately assigning the ordered acknowledgement information bits to the two groups comprises: assigning last two acknowledgement information bits of ordered acknowledgement information bits corresponding to each of the component carriers b to the two groups, respectively; or assigning last two acknowledgement information bits of acknowledgement information bits of a last component carrier b in the component carriers to the two groups, respectively, wherein the component carriers are arranged according to a set sequence

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dividing the acknowledgement information bits into two groups so that each group comprises at least one acknowledgement information bit, wherein the at least one acknowledgement information bit corresponds to physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission and/or downlink control information DCI, wherein the DCI is used for indicating downlink semi-persistent scheduling SPS release, comprises:according to received DCI used for controlling PDSCH transmission and/or indicating downlink SPS release, assigning acknowledgement information bits corresponding to a downlink subframe corresponding to an odd-number value of a DAI field in the received DCI to a first group of the two groups, and assigning acknowledgement information bits corresponding to a downlink subframe corresponding to an even-number value of the DAI field to a second group of the two groups

13. A method for processing acknowledgement information, comprising:receiving total codeword bits which are fed back according to a downlink subframe in a component carrier by a transmitter;decoding the received total codeword bits according to a set decoding mode to obtain two groups of acknowledgement information bits, wherein each group of acknowledgement information bits comprises at least one acknowledgement information bit, wherein the at least one acknowledgement information bit corresponds to physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission and/or downlink control information DCI, wherein the DCI is used for indicating downlink semi-persistent scheduling SPS release; and mapping the two groups of acknowledgement information bits to feedback information bits of the downlink subframes to obtain acknowledgement information of the downlink subframe

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, in the feedback information bits of the downlink subframe which are obtained by the mapping:first N_spsÃx97a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs; and bit positions N_spsÃx97a+1 to N_spsÃx97a+DAI_maxÃx97a store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max;or last N_spsÃx97a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs; and first DAI_maxÃx97a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max;wherein, N_sps is a number of physical downlink shared channels PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling SPS in the downlink subframes, the DCI is used for controlling PDSCH transmission and/or indicating downlink SPS release, the downlink assignment index DAI field is located in the DCI, and the a is a bit number of acknowledgement information bits corresponding to each downlink subframe.15. An apparatus for encoding acknowledgement information, wherein the apparatus is located in a user equipment and comprises:an acknowledgement information generating module, configured to receive a component carrier, wherein the component carrier comprises at least one downlink subframe, and generate acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the component carrier according to the received component carrier;a grouping module, configured to divide the acknowledgement information bits generated by the acknowledgement information generating module into two groups so that each group comprises at least one acknowledgement information bit, wherein the at least one acknowledgement information bit corresponds to physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission and/or downlink control information DCI, wherein the DCI is used for indicating downlink semi-persistent scheduling SPS release; and an encoding module, configured to encode the two groups of acknowledgement information bits divided by the grouping module to obtain two groups of codeword bits, respectively, and generate, from the two groups of codeword bits obtained by the encoding, total codeword bits to be transmitted.16. The apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:a downlink subframe number determining module, configured to determine a number D of downlink subframes for which the acknowledgement information bits need to be generated, and send the determined number of downlink subframes to the acknowledgement information generating module.17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the downlink subframe number determining module comprises a first downlink subframe number determining unit or a second downlink subframe number determining unit, wherein:the first downlink subframe number determining unit is configured to determine the number D of downlink subframes according to the number of downlink subframes associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ time sequence; and the second downlink subframe number determining unit is configured to determine the number D of downlink subframes according to a value of a downlink assignment index DAI field in downlink control information DCI for controlling physical uplink shared channel PUSCH transmission.18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the acknowledgement information generating module comprises:a carrier configuration information obtaining unit, configured to obtain a maximum number of codewords that the component carrier is configured to support in transmission and whether a bundling mode is used between codewords; and an acknowledgement information bit generating unit, configured to determine, according to the maximum number of codewords that the component carrier is configured to support in transmission and whether the bundling mode is used between codewords, a bit number a of acknowledgement information bits corresponding to each downlink subframe, wherein the maximum number of codewords and whether a bundling mode is used between codewords are obtained by the carrier configuration information obtaining unit.19. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the grouping module comprises:an ordering unit, configured to order the acknowledgement information bits according to a maximum value DAl_max of a DAI field in received DCI used for controlling PDSCH transmission and/or indicating downlink SPS release and a number N_sps of physical downlink shared channels PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling SPS in the downlink subframes; and an assigning unit, configured to alternately assign the acknowledgement information bits ordered by the ordering unit to the two groups.', "20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the ordering unit further comprises:a first ordering subunit, configured to place acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs into first N_sps x a bit positions;a second ordering subunit, configured to place acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max into bit positions N_sps x a+1 to N_sps x a+DAI_max x a; and a third ordering subunit, configured to set the remaining (D x a-(DAI_max+N_sps)x a) acknowledgement information bits to '0';or, the ordering unit further comprises:a fourth ordering subunit, configured to place acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs into last N sps x a bit positions;a fifth ordering subunit, configured to place acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max into first DAI_max x a bit positions; and a sixth ordering subunit, configured to set the remaining (D x a-(DAI_max +N_sps)x a) acknowledgement information bits to '0'.", '21. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the assigning unit comprises: a subgroup dividing unit, configured to evenly divide the ordered acknowledgement information bits into the D subgroups; and the assigning unit further comprises: a first assigning subunit, configured to assign a subgroup having an odd subgroup number to a first group of the two groups, and assign a subgroup having an even subgroup number to a second group of the two groups; and/or a second assigning subunit, configured to assign a subgroup having an even subgroup number to the first group of the two groups, and assign a subgroup having an odd subgroup number to the second group of the two groups.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein when the component carrier comprises multiple carriers, the assigning unit alternately uses the first assigning subunit and the second assigning subunit for the ordered acknowledgement information corresponding to each component carrier according to a set sequence of arranging the component carrier.

23. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, wherein if an actual number of downlink subframes determined by the downlink subframe number determining module is an odd number, 1 is added to the actual number of downlink subframes to obtain a sum used as the number D of downlink subframes.

24. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the assigning unit further comprises a third assigning subunit, configured to: when the component carrier comprises multiple carriers, and the D is an odd number, and in the component carrier, a number of component carriers b in which each downlink subframe corresponds to 2 acknowledgement information bits is an odd number, assign last two acknowledgement information bits of ordered acknowledgement information bits corresponding to each of the component carriers b to the two groups, respectively; or assign last two acknowledgement information bits of acknowledgement information bits of a last component carrier b in the component carriers to the two groups, respectively, wherein the component carriers are arranged according to a set sequence.

25. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the grouping module is configured to: according to received DCI used for controlling PDSCH transmission and/or indicating downlink SPS release, assign acknowledgement information bits corresponding to a downlink subframe corresponding to an odd-number value of a DAI field in the received DCI to a first group of the two groups, and assign acknowledgement information bits corresponding to a downlink subframe corresponding to an even-number value of the DAI field to a second group of the two groups.

26. An apparatus for processing acknowledgement information, wherein the apparatus is located in a base station and comprises:a receiving module, configured to receive total codeword bits which are fed back according to a downlink subframe in a component carrier by a transmitter;a decoding module, configured to decode the received total codeword bits according to a set decoding mode to obtain two groups of acknowledgement information bits, wherein each group of acknowledgement information bits comprises at least one acknowledgement information bit, wherein the at least one acknowledgement information bit corresponds to physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission and/or downlink control information DCI, wherein the DCI is used for indicating downlink semi-persistent scheduling SPS release; and a mapping module, configured to map the two groups of acknowledgement information bits obtained by the decoding module to feedback information bits of the downlink subframes to obtain acknowledgement information of the downlink subframe.

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein, in the feedback information bits of the downlink subframe which are obtained by mapping by the mapping module:first N_sps x a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs; and bit positions N_sps x a+1 to N_sps x a+DAI_max x a store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max;or last N_sps x a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs; and first DAI_max x a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max;wherein, N_sps is a number of physical downlink shared channels PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling SPS in the downlink subframes, the DCI is used for controlling PDSCH transmission and/or indicating downlink SPS release, the downlink assignment index DAI field is located in the DC1, and the a is a bit number of acknowledgement information bits corresponding to each of the downlink subframes.

28. A method for encoding acknowledgement information, comprising:receiving at least one component carrier, wherein each component carrier in the at least one component carrier comprises at least one downlink subframe;generating acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier according to the each component carrier;ordering the acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier according to a maximum value DAI_max of a downlink assignment index DAI field in downlink control information DCI which is received on the each component carrier and used for controlling physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission and/or indicating downlink semi-persistent scheduling SPS release and the number N_sps of physical downlink shared channels PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling SPS in the at least one downlink subframe;alternately assigning the ordered acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier to two groups, and obtaining two groups of acknowledgement information bits; and encoding the two divided groups of acknowledgement information bits to obtain two groups of codeword bits, respectively, and generating, from the two groups of codeword bits obtained by the encoding, total codeword bits to be transmitted.', "29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the ordering the acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier according to the DAI_max and the N_sps comprises: placing acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling into first N_sps x a bit positions;placing acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI-1 to DAI=DAI_max into bit positions N_sps x a+1 to N_sps x a+DAI_max x a; and setting the remaining (D x a-(DAI_max+N_sps)x a) acknowledgement information bits to '0';or placing acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling into last N_spsx a bit positions;placing acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max DCIs into first DAI_max x a bit positions; and setting the remaining (Dx a-(DAI_max+N_sps)x a) acknowledgement information bits to '0';wherein the a is a bit number of acknowledgement information bits corresponding to each of the downlink subframes and the D is a number of downlink subframes for which the acknowledgement information bits need to be generated.", '30. The method according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the alternately assigning is based on granularity of a bit.

31. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein the alternately assigning the ordered acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier to two groups specifically comprises: in ascending or descending order of carrier numbers, assigning the ordered acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier in the at least one component carrier to the two groups, respectively.

32. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 31, wherein the generating acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier comprises:generating acknowledgement information bits corresponding to a first codeword and a second codeword transmitted on each downlink subframe in the each component carrier; and mapping the acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the first codeword and the second codeword transmitted on each downlink subframe to two acknowledgement information bits d(0) and d(1), respectively, so that when only one codeword is transmitted on at least one first downlink subframe in the each component carrier, acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the one codeword transmitted on the at least one first downlink subframe are mapped to d(0);and/or so that when only one codeword is transmitted on at least one second downlink subframe in the each component carrier, acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the one codeword transmitted on the at least one second downlink subframe are mapped to d(1).

33. A method for processing acknowledgement information, comprising:receiving, by a receiver, total codeword bits fed back by a transmitter;wherein the total codeword bits are generated from two groups of codeword bits, and the two groups of codeword bits are obtained by encoding two groups of acknowledgement information bits by the transmitter, respectively;wherein the two groups of acknowledgement information bits are obtained in a following way: receiving, by the transmitter, at least one component carrier, and generating acknowledgement information bits corresponding to each component carrier in the at least one component carrier; ordering the acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier according to a maximum value DAI_max of a downlink assignment index DAI field in downlink control information DCI which is obtained on the each component carrier and used for controlling physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission and/or indicating downlink semi-persistent scheduling SPS release and the number N_sps of physical downlink shared channels PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling SPS in the at least one downlink subframe of the each component carrier; and alternately assigning the ordered acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier to two groups;decoding, by the receiver according to a set decoding mode, the received total codeword bits to obtain the two groups of acknowledgement information bits; and mapping, by the receiver, the two groups of acknowledgement information bits to feedback information bits of the at least one downlink subframe to obtain acknowledgement information of the at least one downlink subframe.

34. The method according to claim 33, wherein, in the feedback information bits of the at least one downlink subframe which are obtained by the mapping:first N_sps x a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs; and bit positions N_sps x a+1 to N_sps x a+DAI_max x a store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max;or last N_sps x a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs; and first DAI_max x a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max;wherein the a is the bit number of acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each downlink subframe.

35. An apparatus for encoding acknowledgement information, comprising:an acknowledgement information generating module, configured to receive at least one component carrier, wherein each component carrier in the at least one component carrier comprises at least one downlink subframe, and generate acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier according to the each component carrier;a grouping module, configured to order the acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier according to a maximum value DAI_max of a downlink assignment index DAI field in downlink control information DCI which is received on the each component carrier and used for controlling physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission and/or indicating downlink semi-persistent scheduling SPS release and the number N_sps of physical downlink shared channels PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling SPS in the at least one downlink subframe, alternately assign the ordered acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier to two groups, and obtain two groups of acknowledgement information bits; and an encoding module, configured to encode the two divided groups of acknowledgement information bits to obtain two groups of codeword bits, respectively, and generate, from the two groups of codeword bits obtained by the encoding, total codeword bits to be transmitted.', "36. The apparatus according to claim 35, wherein:the ordering unit is specifically configured to place acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling into first N_sps x a bit positions;place acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max into bit positions N_sps x a+1 to N_sps x a+DAI_max x a; and set the remaining (D x a-(DAI_max+N_sps)x a) acknowledgement information bits to '0'; or the ordering unit is specifically configured to place acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling into last N_sps x a bit positions;place acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max DCIs into first DAI_max x a bit positions; and set the remaining (D x a-(DAI_max+N_sps)x a) acknowledgement information bits to '0';wherein the a is the bit number of acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each downlink subframe and the D is the number of downlink subframes for which the acknowledgement information bits need to be generated.", '37. The apparatus according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the acknowledgement information generating module is specifically configured to generate acknowledgement information bits corresponding to a first codeword and a second codeword transmitted on each downlink subframe in the each component carrier, and map the acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the first codeword and the second codeword transmitted on each downlink subframe to two acknowledgement information bits d(0) and d(1), respectively, so that when only one codeword is transmitted on at least one first downlink subframe in the each component carrier, acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the one codeword transmitted on the at least one first downlink subframe are mapped to d(0), and/or so that when only one codeword is transmitted on at least one second downlink subframe in each of the component carriers, acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the one codeword transmitted on the at least one second downlink subframe are mapped to d(1).

38. An apparatus for processing acknowledgement information, comprising:a receiving module, configured to receive total codeword bits fed back by a transmitter;wherein the total codeword bits are generated from two groups of codeword bits, and the two groups of codeword bits are obtained by encoding two groups of acknowledgement information bits by the transmitter, respectively;wherein the two groups of acknowledgement information bits are obtained in a following way: receiving, by the transmitter, at least one component carrier, and generating acknowledgement information bits corresponding to each component carrier in the at least one component carrier; ordering the acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier according to a maximum value DAI_max of a downlink assignment index DAI field in downlink control information DCI which is obtained on each of the component carriers and used for controlling physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission and/or indicating downlink semi-persistent scheduling SPS release and the number N_sps of physical downlink shared channels PDSCHs scheduled by semi-persistent scheduling SPS in the at least one downlink subframe of the each component carrier; and alternately assigning the ordered acknowledgement information bits corresponding to the each component carrier to two groups;a decoding module, configured to decode, according to a set decoding mode, the received total codeword bits to obtain the two groups of acknowledgement information bits; and a mapping module, configured to map the two groups of acknowledgement information bits to feedback information bits of the at least one downlink subframe to obtain acknowledgement information of the at least one downlink subframe.

39. The apparatus according to claim 38, wherein, in the feedback information bits of the at least one downlink subframe which are obtained by the mapping:first N_sps x a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs; and bit positions N_sps x a+1 to N_sps x a+DAI_max x a store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DCI of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max;or last N_sps x a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to N_sps PDSCHs; and first DAI_max x a bit positions store acknowledgement information bits corresponding to downlink subframes corresponding to DC1 of DAI=1 to DAI=DAI_max;wherein the a is the bit number of acknowledgement information bits corresponding to each of the downlink subframes.']