1. A method for allocating pilots and data to an uplink channel in an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) system, comprising:
i) partitioning subcarrier groups and symbols from the uplink channels based on a basic pilot pattern generated by a specific reference, and allocating at least one subchannel based on the partitioned subcarrier groups and the symbols;
ii) hopping the subcarrier groups according to a hopping pattern, and allocating data, the subcarrier groups being caused by the subchannel to allocated in step i); and
iii) differently allocating the pilot per subcarrier group based on the basic pilot pattern from the data hopped in step ii),
wherein the hopping pattern is generated using an RS code with a same length as that of the subchannel, the RS code being allocated to a corresponding base station based on a number of the subcarrier groups, a basic RS code, a group number, and a cell number.', 'i) partitioning subcarrier groups and symbols from the uplink channels based on a basic pilot pattern generated by a specific reference, and allocating at least one subchannel based on the partitioned subcarrier groups and the symbols;', 'ii) hopping the subcarrier groups according to a hopping pattern, and allocating data, the subcarrier groups being caused by the subchannel to allocated in step i); and', 'iii) differently allocating the pilot per subcarrier group based on the basic pilot pattern from the data hopped in step ii),', 'wherein the hopping pattern is generated using an RS code with a same length as that of the subchannel, the RS code being allocated to a corresponding base station based on a number of the subcarrier groups, a basic RS code, a group number, and a cell number.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subcarrier groups are partitioned by a prime number.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the subchannel allocated in step i) is allocated by at least one subcarrier group on a frequency axis, and by a unit of more than two symbols on a time axis.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the RS code is allocated to the corresponding base station based on:
rs cn(b)=(rs(b)+gn*N+cn) mod Q)
where b=0,1, . . . ,Q-2, Q is the number of the subcarrier groups, rs(b) is the basic RS code, rscn(b) is an RS code according to the cell number within a cell, gn is the group number, and cn is the cell number.', 'rs cn(b)=(rs(b)+gn*N+cn) mod Q)', 'where b=0,1, . . . ,Q-2, Q is the number of the subcarrier groups, rs(b) is the basic RS code, rscn(b) is an RS code according to the cell number within a cell, gn is the group number, and cn is the cell number.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hopping pattern follows:
S hopping(sn,b)=rs cn((b+off*âx94x94su/wâx94x98) mod Q)
where Off is an offset value to the frequency domain for obtaining s frequency diversity when the subchannels are hopped for each unit of w symbols, sn is a number of symbols, Q is a number of subcarrier groups per symbol, and rscn(b) is an RS code according to a cell number within a group.', 'S hopping(sn,b)=rs cn((b+off*âx94x94su/wâx94x98) mod Q)', 'where Off is an offset value to the frequency domain for obtaining s frequency diversity when the subchannels are hopped for each unit of w symbols, sn is a number of symbols, Q is a number of subcarrier groups per symbol, and rscn(b) is an RS code according to a cell number within a group.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein step iii) comprises:
a) partitioning the bandwidth of the uplink channel into a plurality of subcarrier groups having a specific number of subcarriers; and
b) allocating a pilot to each subcarrier group, wherein a basic pilot pattern with a different pilot position is generated to each subcarrier group.', 'a) partitioning the bandwidth of the uplink channel into a plurality of subcarrier groups having a specific number of subcarriers; and', 'b) allocating a pilot to each subcarrier group, wherein a basic pilot pattern with a different pilot position is generated to each subcarrier group.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the pilot is allocated according to the subsequent equation, and the base station is distinguished based on the allocated pilot,
F(gn,sn,cn,sgn)=(D(gn,sn)+sgn*cn) mod N
where sgn is a set of continuous adjacent carriers and it is a subcarrier group number, cn is the cell number, sn is a symbol number, gn is the group number, and D (gn,sn) is a function value according to gn and sn for generating the position of the pilot.', 'F(gn,sn,cn,sgn)=(D(gn,sn)+sgn*cn) mod N', 'where sgn is a set of continuous adjacent carriers and it is a subcarrier group number, cn is the cell number, sn is a symbol number, gn is the group number, and D (gn,sn) is a function value according to gn and sn for generating the position of the pilot.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the D(gn,sn) is found by the following:
D(gn,sn)=(gn+sn) mod N gn=0,1, . . . ,Nâx88x921
D(gn,sn)=(gn mod N+sn*1) mod N gn=N,N+1, . . . ,2Nâx88x921
D(gn,sn)=(gn mod N+sn*2) mod N gn=2N,2N+1, . . . ,3Nâx88x921
. . .
D(gn,sn)=(gn mod N+sn*(Nâx88x921)) mod N gn=(Nâx88x921)*N,(Nâx88x921)*N+1, . . . ,N*Nâx88x921', 'D(gn,sn)=(gn+sn) mod N gn=0,1, . . . ,Nâx88x921', 'D(gn,sn)=(gn mod N+sn*1) mod N gn=N,N+1, . . . ,2Nâx88x921', 'D(gn,sn)=(gn mod N+sn*2) mod N gn=2N,2N+1, . . . ,3Nâx88x921', '. . .', 'D(gn,sn)=(gn mod N+sn*(Nâx88x921)) mod N gn=(Nâx88x921)*N,(Nâx88x921)*N+1, . . . ,N*Nâx88x921', 'where gn is a group number (gn=0,1,2, . . . ,N*Nâx88x921), and sn is a symbol number (sn=0,1,2, . . . ,Sâx88x921.

9. A method for a transmitter to transmit pilot-inserted transmit data to a receiver through an uplink channel in an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) system, comprising:
a) receiving a specific subcarrier group and a subchannel of a specific symbol unit by a specific reference, hopping the specific subcarrier group according to a specific hopping pattern to allocate data, and allocating pilots based on a specific pilot pattern from the allocated data;
b) transmitting information according to the allocated data and pilots; and
c) transmitting the pilot-inserted transmit data to the receiver,
wherein the hopping pattern is generated using an RS code with a same length as that of the subchannel, the RS code being allocated to a corresponding base station based on a number of the subcarrier groups, a basic RS code, a group number, and a cell number.', 'a) receiving a specific subcarrier group and a subchannel of a specific symbol unit by a specific reference, hopping the specific subcarrier group according to a specific hopping pattern to allocate data, and allocating pilots based on a specific pilot pattern from the allocated data;', 'b) transmitting information according to the allocated data and pilots; and', 'c) transmitting the pilot-inserted transmit data to the receiver,', 'wherein the hopping pattern is generated using an RS code with a same length as that of the subchannel, the RS code being allocated to a corresponding base station based on a number of the subcarrier groups, a basic RS code, a group number, and a cell number

10. The method of claim 9, wherein step a) comprises receiving a subcarrier group and a subchannel with more than two continuous symbols

11. The method of claim 9, wherein step b) comprises:
d) converting the data and the pilots into respective parallel signals according to the data to be transmitted and the number of pilot subcarriers;
e) respectively modulating the parallel data and signals converted in step d); and
f) receiving the data and the pilot modulated in step e), performing an IFFT as (inverse fast Fourier transform) on the pilot-inserted data based on the data and the pilots allocated in step a), and converting then into time domain signals.', 'd) converting the data and the pilots into respective parallel signals according to the data to be transmitted and the number of pilot subcarriers;', 'e) respectively modulating the parallel data and signals converted in step d); and', 'f) receiving the data and the pilot modulated in step e), performing an IFFT as (inverse fast Fourier transform) on the pilot-inserted data based on the data and the pilots allocated in step a), and converting then into time domain signals.12. The method of claim 11, wherein step c) comprises:
adding a cyclic prefix to the time domain signals converted in step f), and converting them into serial signals; and
converting the serial signals into analog signals, filtering the analog signals, and transmitting the filtered signals to the receiver.', 'adding a cyclic prefix to the time domain signals converted in step f), and converting them into serial signals; and', 'converting the serial signals into analog signals, filtering the analog signals, and transmitting the filtered signals to the receiver.13. A method for receiving pilot-inserted data from a transmitter through an uplink channel in an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple to access) system, comprising:
a) converting the data transmitted by the transmitter into frequency domain signals;
b) reversely hopping the frequency domain signals converted in step a) based on information on the data and the pilot transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the information follows the data allocated by hopping a specific subcarrier group from among subcarrier groups partitioned based on a specific basic pilot pattern and follows the pilot allocated from the allocated data based on the specific pilot pattern; and
c) demodulating the reversely hopped data, and receiving them,
wherein the specific subcarrier group is hopped based on a hopping pattern that is generated using an RS code with a same length as that of a subchannel, the RS code being allocated to a corresponding base station based on a number of the subcarrier groups, a basic RS code, a group number, and a cell number.', 'a) converting the data transmitted by the transmitter into frequency domain signals;', 'b) reversely hopping the frequency domain signals converted in step a) based on information on the data and the pilot transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the information follows the data allocated by hopping a specific subcarrier group from among subcarrier groups partitioned based on a specific basic pilot pattern and follows the pilot allocated from the allocated data based on the specific pilot pattern; and', 'c) demodulating the reversely hopped data, and receiving them,', 'wherein the specific subcarrier group is hopped based on a hopping pattern that is generated using an RS code with a same length as that of a subchannel, the RS code being allocated to a corresponding base station based on a number of the subcarrier groups, a basic RS code, a group number, and a cell number.14. The method of claim 13, wherein step a) comprises:
d) filtering the data transmitted by the transmitter, and converting the filtered data into digital signals;
e) eliminating a cyclic prefix of the digital signal, and converting them into parallel signals; and
f) performing an FFT (fast Fourier transform) on the parallel signals and converting them into frequency domain signals.', 'd) filtering the data transmitted by the transmitter, and converting the filtered data into digital signals;', 'e) eliminating a cyclic prefix of the digital signal, and converting them into parallel signals; and', 'f) performing an FFT (fast Fourier transform) on the parallel signals and converting them into frequency domain signals.15. The method of claim 13, wherein step b) comprises:
g) detecting positions of the data and the pilots based on the information of the data and the pilots;
h) reversely hopping the detected data; and
i) separating the reversely hopped data and pilots based on the positions of the data and the pilots detected in step g).', 'g) detecting positions of the data and the pilots based on the information of the data and the pilots;', 'h) reversely hopping the detected data; and', 'i) separating the reversely hopped data and pilots based on the positions of the data and the pilots detected in step g).16. The method of claim 15, wherein step c) comprises:
j) estimating a channel on a frequency axis based on the position of the pilot; and
k) using the channel estimate in step j), and demodulating and receiving the data.', 'j) estimating a channel on a frequency axis based on the position of the pilot; and', 'k) using the channel estimate in step j), and demodulating and receiving the data.17. The method of claim 16, wherein step j) comprises:
performing channel estimation from a specific subcarrier based on the position of the pilot, and estimating the frequency axis channel by interpolation using the channel estimate.', 'performing channel estimation from a specific subcarrier based on the position of the pilot, and estimating the frequency axis channel by interpolation using the channel estimate.18. A transmitter for transmitting pilot-inserted transmit data to a receiver through an uplink channel in an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) system, comprising:
a serial/parallel converter for converting data and pilots into parallel go signals according to number of pilots and data subcarriers;
a modulator for modulating the parallel data and pilots converted by the serial/parallel converter;
a hopping pattern controller for receiving a specific subcarrier group and a subchannel of a specific symbol unit by a specific reference, hopping the specific subcarrier group according to a specific hopping pattern to allocate data, allocating pilots based on a specific pilot pattern from the allocated data, and transmitting information caused by the allocated data and pilots to the receiver, wherein the hopping pattern is generated using an RS code which corresponds to a length of the subchannel, and the RS code is allocated to a corresponding base station based on a number of the subcarrier groups, a basic RS code, a group number, and a cell number;
a multiplexer for inserting pilots into the data based on the allocated data and the pilots, and multiplexing them;
an IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) unit for converting the multiplexed frequency domain signals into time domain signals, and outputting the same;
a parallel/serial converter for adding a cyclic prefix to the signals output to by the IFFT unit, and converting them into serial signals; and
a digital/analog converter and filter for converting the serial signals output by the parallel/serial converter into analog signals, filtering them, and transmitting the filtered signals to the receiver through an RF (radio frequency) terminal.', 'a serial/parallel converter for converting data and pilots into parallel go signals according to number of pilots and data subcarriers;', 'a modulator for modulating the parallel data and pilots converted by the serial/parallel converter;', 'a hopping pattern controller for receiving a specific subcarrier group and a subchannel of a specific symbol unit by a specific reference, hopping the specific subcarrier group according to a specific hopping pattern to allocate data, allocating pilots based on a specific pilot pattern from the allocated data, and transmitting information caused by the allocated data and pilots to the receiver, wherein the hopping pattern is generated using an RS code which corresponds to a length of the subchannel, and the RS code is allocated to a corresponding base station based on a number of the subcarrier groups, a basic RS code, a group number, and a cell number;', 'a multiplexer for inserting pilots into the data based on the allocated data and the pilots, and multiplexing them;', 'an IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) unit for converting the multiplexed frequency domain signals into time domain signals, and outputting the same;', 'a parallel/serial converter for adding a cyclic prefix to the signals output to by the IFFT unit, and converting them into serial signals; and', 'a digital/analog converter and filter for converting the serial signals output by the parallel/serial converter into analog signals, filtering them, and transmitting the filtered signals to the receiver through an RF (radio frequency) terminal.19. The transmitter of claim 18, wherein the pilots are allocated to have different positions within the subcarrier group.

20. The transmitter of claim 18, wherein the corresponding base station is distinguished based on the hopping pattern and the pilot pattern.

21. A receiver for receiving pilot-inserted transmit data from a transmitter through an uplink channel in an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) system, comprising:
an A/D (analog/digital) converter and filter for converting the data transmitted by the transmitter into digital signals;
a serial/parallel converter for eliminating a cyclic prefix from the digital signals, and converting them into parallel signals;
an FFT (fast Fourier transform) unit for performing an FFT on the parallel signals, and outputting frequency domain signals;
a hopping pattern controller for receiving information on the data and the pilots transmitted by the transmitter, detecting positions of the data and pilots from the frequency domain signals output through the FFT unit, and reversely hopping the data from the detected positions of the data, wherein the information follows the data allocated by hopping a specific subcarrier group from among the subcarrier groups partitioned based on a specific basic pilot pattern and follows the pilot allocated from the allocated data based on the specific pilot pattern
wherein a hopping pattern is generated using an RS code which corresponds to a length of a subchannel, and the RS code is allocated to a corresponding base station based on a number of the subcarrier groups, a basic RS code, a group number, and a cell number;
a demultiplexer for separating the reversely hopped data and pilots based on the positions of the detected data and pilots;
a channel estimator for using the separated pilots and estimating a channel of the separated data;
a demodulator for using the estimated channel estimate and demodulating the separated data; and
a parallel/serial converter for converting the demodulated parallel data into serial data.', 'an A/D (analog/digital) converter and filter for converting the data transmitted by the transmitter into digital signals;', 'a serial/parallel converter for eliminating a cyclic prefix from the digital signals, and converting them into parallel signals;', 'an FFT (fast Fourier transform) unit for performing an FFT on the parallel signals, and outputting frequency domain signals;', 'a hopping pattern controller for receiving information on the data and the pilots transmitted by the transmitter, detecting positions of the data and pilots from the frequency domain signals output through the FFT unit, and reversely hopping the data from the detected positions of the data, wherein the information follows the data allocated by hopping a specific subcarrier group from among the subcarrier groups partitioned based on a specific basic pilot pattern and follows the pilot allocated from the allocated data based on the specific pilot pattern', 'wherein a hopping pattern is generated using an RS code which corresponds to a length of a subchannel, and the RS code is allocated to a corresponding base station based on a number of the subcarrier groups, a basic RS code, a group number, and a cell number;', 'a demultiplexer for separating the reversely hopped data and pilots based on the positions of the detected data and pilots;', 'a channel estimator for using the separated pilots and estimating a channel of the separated data;', 'a demodulator for using the estimated channel estimate and demodulating the separated data; and', 'a parallel/serial converter for converting the demodulated parallel data into serial data.']