METHOD FOR BIASING CRITERIA IN A WIRELESS SYSTEM

Abstract

A criterion for biasing a binary decision requiring an unequal protection (Fig 1) which utilizes a measured signal to interference ratio (SIR). The SIR may be derived from a determination of channel estimation. The SIR is compared against a threshold the threshold being selected to bias the decision toward a NACK as opposed to an ACK determination. The technique is advantageous for providing biased binary decisions for high speed downlink packets (HSDP) but may be utilized for both uplink and downlink applications.

A criterion for biasing a binary decision requiring an unequal protection (Fig 1) which utilizes a measured signal to interference ratio (SIR). The SIR may be derived from a determination of channel estimation. The SIR is compared against a threshold the threshold being selected to bias the decision toward a NACK as opposed to an ACK determination. The technique is advantageous for providing biased binary decisions for high speed downlink packets (HSDP) but may be utilized for both uplink and downlink applications.

SEP Database Augmented SEP Database

Explicitly Disclosed

Patent Type

Technology	Declaration Information			Specification Information	Explicitly Disclosed	Patent Type
Technology	Declaration Date	Declaration Reference	Declaring Company	Specification Number	Explicitly Disclosed	Patent Type
3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: Illustrative part: ---- Release: S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: Illustrative part: ---- Release: +1 -1	No	Family Member
3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: Illustrative part: ---- Release: S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: Illustrative part: ---- Release: +1 -1	Yes	Family Member

Specification Information

Spec Number

Version Number

Section Number

Specification Information

Spec Number

Version Number

Section Number

Technologies

2G 3G 4G 5G

Family Information

All Granted Patents In Patent Family :	----
All Pending Patents In Patent Family :	----

SEP Database Augmented SEP Database

Explicitly Disclosed

Patent Type

Publication No	Technology	Declaration Information			Specification Information	Explicitly Disclosed	Patent Type
Publication No	Technology	Declaration Date	Declaration Reference	Declaring Company	Specification Number	Explicitly Disclosed	Patent Type
US2004005903A1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Basis Patent
US7428425B2	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Basis Patent
AR038569A1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
AU2003217588A1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
EP1476964A4	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
EP1476964A4	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
HK1053587A2	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
HK1053587A2	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
HK1053589A2	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
HK1053589A2	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR100854426B1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR100854426B1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR20040070459A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR20040070459A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR100684561B1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR100684561B1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR20040066069A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR20040066069A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR100954748B1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR100954748B1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR20050099600A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR20050099600A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR100934681B1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR100934681B1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR20050096904A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR20050096904A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR100914536B1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR100914536B1	3G	18/09/2008	ISLD-200901-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TR 125 814 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR100914536B1	Not Available	18/09/2008	ISLD-200901-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 136 330 Version No: ---- Section No: ---- Release : ---- + -	Yes	Family Member
KR20080019677A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR20080019677A	3G	18/09/2008	ISLD-200901-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TR 125 814 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR20080019677A	Not Available	18/09/2008	ISLD-200901-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 136 330 Version No: ---- Section No: ---- Release : ---- + -	Yes	Family Member
KR100954746B1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR100954746B1	3G	18/09/2008	ISLD-200901-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TR 125 814 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR100954746B1	Not Available	18/09/2008	ISLD-200901-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 136 330 Version No: ---- Section No: ---- Release : ---- + -	Yes	Family Member
KR20080029986A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR20080029986A	3G	18/09/2008	ISLD-200901-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TR 125 814 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
KR20080029986A	Not Available	18/09/2008	ISLD-200901-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 136 330 Version No: ---- Section No: ---- Release : ---- + -	Yes	Family Member
TW200306102A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
TW200306102A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
TWI246839B	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
TWI246839B	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
TW585379U	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
TW586716U	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
US2008273469A1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
US7904107B2	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
WO03071717A1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
WO03071717A1	3G	18/09/2008	ISLD-200901-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TR 125 814 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	Yes	Family Member
WO03071717A1	Not Available	18/09/2008	ISLD-200901-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 136 330 Version No: ---- Section No: ---- Release : ---- + -	Yes	Family Member
US2011159900A1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
US8116804B2	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
TW200943812A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
TW200423574A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
TWI325241B	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
CN2731876Y	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
CN2772162Y	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
DE20302714U1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
DE20302715U1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR200319464Y1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
KR200329899Y1	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
MY154973A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
TW200711368A	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member
TWI350081B	3G	20/03/2007	ISLD-200802-001	INTERDIGITAL INC	S1 TS Number: TS 125 211 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- S2 TS Number: TS 125 214 Version No: ---- Section No: Release : ---- +1 -1	No	Family Member

Publication No	Technology	Declaration Information			Specification Information				Explicitly Disclosed	Patent Type	Status	National Phase Entries
Publication No	Technology	Declaration Date	Declaration Reference	Declaring Company	Specification Information				Explicitly Disclosed	Patent Type	Status	National Phase Entries
-----	-----	-----	-----	-----	S1 TS Number: ----- Version No: ----- Section No:----- Release:----- + -				-----	-----	-----	-----

Technologies

Multiple access

Product

Not Available

Use Cases

Wireless communication

Services

Not Available

Claim

1. A method for biasing criteria for binary decisions requiring unequal protection in a wireless communication system, comprising: receiving a communication in a given channel; obtaining a signal to interference ratio (SIR) of the communication channel; and comparing the SIR against a given threshold, said threshold being selected to bias the criteria toward a transmission of a (NACK) condition to indicate that a received communication should be retransmitted.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said SIR is obtained by initially obtaining a channel estimation and deriving the SIR from the channel estimation.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of comparing comprises: determining the threshold by combining, with noise, each of a plurality of test signals having signal strengths extending over a given range; determining correctness of each combined signal; determining instances of correct signals and incorrect signals at each signal strength; and selecting a threshold which provides an acceptable number of false declarations of an ACK condition.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the comparing step includes using signal amplitude as a measure of signal strength.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the threshold is preferably greater than a level of the noise taken alone.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of comparing comprises: setting the threshold to a level that is low enough so that an acceptable low frequency of errors occurs for SIRs above the threshold and high enough to prevent an unacceptable high number of errors for SIRs below the threshold.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the channel estimation is based on a communication from a sender.

8. The method of claim 3 wherein the sender temporarily stores the communication sent to the receiver.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the sender, upon receipt of a NACK signal retransmits the temporarily stored communication

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the receiver transmits an ACK condition acknowledging receipt of an error free communication

11. The method of claim 8 wherein said sender, upon receipt of an ACK signal clears the temporarily stored communication

12. Apparatus for biasing criteria for binary decisions requiring unequal protection in a wireless communication system, comprising: means for receiving a communication in a given channel; means for obtaining a signal to interference ratio (SIR) of the communication channel; and means for comparing the SIR against a given threshold, said threshold being selected to bias the criteria toward a transmission of a (NACK) condition to indicate that a received communication should be retransmitted

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said SIR is obtained by means for initially obtaining a channel estimation, said means for obtaining deriving the SIR from the channel estimation

14. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for comparing comprises: means for determining the threshold by combining, with noise, each of a plurality of test signals having signal strengths extending over a given range; means for determining correctness of each combined signal; means for determining instances of correct signals and incorrect signals at each signal strength; and means for selecting a threshold which provides an acceptable number of false declarations of an ACK condition

15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the means for comparing further comprises means using signal amplitude as a measure of signal strength

16. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the threshold is preferably greater than a signal strength of a noise signal taken alone

17. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein means for initially obtaining the channel estimation is based on a communication means of a sender.', "18. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the sender's communication means includes means for temporarily storing the communication sent to the receiver."19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the sender is provided with means for receiving a NACK signal and means to retransmit a temporarily stored communication responsive to the means for receiving.

20. The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising means for transmitting an ACK condition acknowledging receipt of an error free communication when the SIR is greater than the threshold.

21. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein means are provided for receiving an ACK condition and means for clearing a temporarily stored communication responsive to said means for receiving an ACK condition.

22. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for comparing comprises: means for setting the threshold to a level that is low enough so that an acceptable low frequency of errors occurs for SIRs above the threshold and high enough to prevent an unacceptable high number of errors for SIRs below the threshold.']

Associated Portfolios

Licensor Claim Chart

Claim Chart	Technology	Creation Date	Download
Claim charts will soon be available!

Patent claim chart for sale

SUMMARY

Please Place the order to get the claim chart for the patent

ClaimChart-EP1476964A1-STO

Patent number:EP1476964A1

Claim Chart Type : SEP Claim Chart

Price: 200 €

Add To Cart

Note:

The information in blue was extracted from the third parties (Standard Setting Organisation, Espacenet)

The information in grey was provided by the patent holder

The information in purple was extracted from the FrandAvenue

Explicitly disclosed patent:openly and comprehensibly describes all details of the invention in the patent document.

Implicitly disclosed patent:does not explicitly state certain aspects of the invention, but still allows for these to be inferred from the information provided.

Basis patent:The core patent in a family, outlining the fundamental invention from which related patents or applications originate.

Family member:related patents or applications that share a common priority or original filing.